This includes planning, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, knowledge representation, perception, motion, manipulation and, to a lesser extent, social intelligence and creativity. Nowadays, all tasks associated with human intelligence are described as AI when performed by a computer. In the 1950s, AI pioneers Minsky and McCarthy described artificial intelligence as any task performed by a program or a machine that, was it performed by a human, would have required that human to apply intelligence to accomplish the task.
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